JAVA Coding

Optimizing Execution & Information Structures JAVA

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What is Java?

Java is a high-level, object-oriented, and platform-independent programming language created by Sun Microsystems (currently under the ownership of Oracle Corporation) in 1995. Java is recognized for its “Write Once, Run Anywhere” (WORA) principle, which indicates that code developed in Java can operate on any device or platform equipped with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Context

Java is widely used across multiple domains:

  1. Enterprise Applications: Extensive applications utilizing frameworks such as Spring and Hibernate.
  2. Mobile Development: Android applications are mainly developed with Java (Kotlin is also commonly employed nowadays).
  3. Web Development: Java is utilized in backend development alongside frameworks like Spring MVC.
  4. Desktop Applications: Applications designed using JavaFX or Swing.
  5. Embedded Systems: Java is implemented in compact devices such as smart cards and IoT devices.
  6. Big Data: Frameworks like Apache Hadoop are created in Java.

Explanation

Java functions based on the concept of “Compile Once, Run Anywhere“:

  1. Source Code: Composed in. java files.
  2. Compilation: Transformed into bytecode (class files) by utilizing the Java Compiler (javac).
  3. Execution: The JVM analyzes the bytecode and executes it on the designated platform.

Key Features:

Platform Independence: Java applications can operate on any system that has a JVM.
Object-Oriented: All components in Java are centered around objects and classes.
Robust: Java offers characteristics such as garbage collection exception handling and type checking to guarantee reliability.
Multithreading: Java accommodates concurrent programming to enhance performance.
Security: Comprises inherent security capabilities like bytecode verification and sandboxing.

Java Syntax

Java syntax is strict and follows a structured approach. Every Java program starts with a class and the main method serves as the entry point.

Example

   public class HelloWorld {
           public static void main(String[] args) {
                  System.out.println(“Hello, zameer”);
           }
    }

Example of a Complete Java Program

Task: A program to calculate the factorial of a number.

      import java.util.Scanner;

      public class Factorial {
              public static void main(String[] args) {
                     Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
                     System.out.print(“Enter a number: “);
                     int num = scanner.nextInt();
                     int factorial = 1;

                     for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
                            factorial *= i;
                      }

                     System.out.println(“Factorial of ” + num + ” is: ” + factorial);
             }
       }

Summary

Java is a flexible programming language utilized for numerous applications.

  • Features: Platform independence, object-oriented, strong, and safe.
  • Types: Includes basic constructs (data types, control statements), advanced constructs (threads, exceptions) and object-oriented principles.
  • Categories: Java supports standalone applications, web applications, enterprise systems, mobile development, and beyond.