PHP Coding

Controlling Energetic Web Applications With PHP

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Definition of PHP

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a well-known open-source, server-side scripting language intended for web development. It is integrated within HTML and is especially appropriate for generating dynamic web pages, processing forms, handling databases, and executing server-side tasks. PHP may also be utilized for command-line scripting as well as developing desktop applications.

Key Features of PHP

  1. Open Source: Available for use and modification without cost.
  2. Server-Side Execution: Code runs on the server, and the result is transmitted to the browser.
  3. Cross-Platform: Operates on different operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  4. Embedded in HTML: Can be seamlessly integrated with HTML to produce dynamic content.
  5. Database Integration: Compatible with databases including MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, etc.
  6. Supports OOP: Delivers features for object-oriented programming.
  7. Extensive Libraries: Supplies built-in libraries and frameworks to expedite development.

Types in PHP

1. Data Types

PHP supports various data types divided into scalar, compound, and special types:

String: Sequence of characters.

Integer: Whole numbers.
 
Float (Double): Decimal numbers.
 
Boolean: true or false.
 

Example: $name = “Hello World”;

Example: $num = 42;

Example: $price = 3.14;

Example: $isAvailable = true;

Array: Collection of values.

Example: $arr = array(1, 2, 3);

Object: Instances of a class.

class Car {

    public $brand = “Toyota”;     }

$car = new Car();

NULL: Represents a variable with no value.

Example: $value = NULL;

Resource: A special variable that holds a reference to an external resource (e.g., database connection).

PHP Categories

  • Syntax & Structure
  • Variables & Constants
  • Data Types
  • Operators
  • Control Structures
  • Functions
  • Arrays
  • Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
  • Superglobals
  • Error Handling
  • Database Connectivity
  • User-defined functions
  • Built-in functions (String, Array, Math, Date, File handling, etc.)
  • Anonymous functions (Closures)
  • Recursive functions

  • Classes & Objects
  • Constructors & Destructors
  • Inheritance
  • Interfaces & Abstract Classes
  • Traits
  • Namespaces

  • try-catch blocks
  • Exception handling
  • Logging errors

  • MySQLi (MySQL Improved)
  • PDO (PHP Data Objects)
  • $_GET (Data from URL)
  • $_POST (Data from forms)
  • $_REQUEST (GET + POST + COOKIE)
  • $_SESSION (User session variables)
  • $_COOKIE (User cookies)
  • $_FILES (File uploads)
  • $_SERVER (Server and execution environment details)
  • Storing user sessions
  • Setting & reading cookies